Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Example For Students

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay In Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie Crawford is a suppressed woman with high hopes and dreams and only in the face of death is she able to break through and emerge stronger than ever. In the middle of the novel, Janie undergoes a rebirth. Her husband Joe dies and with him goes all memories of the old Janie, one that reluctantly conformed to the traditional housewife role. What emerges, is a strong, determined black woman, no longer hiding her beauty and this new Janie pursues her once lost dreams. Janie then reaches the climax of her new life when she is willing to die just to be with her husband, Tea Cake, in a violent storm. Her hopes have finally been fulfilled and she could want nothing more. The development of Janie as a character is remarkable as seen by her ability to triumph in the face of death. Joe Starks first came into Janies life when she was just an innocent young woman with all sorts of hopes and dreams. To Janie, he represented these dreams and was her opportunity to fulfill them. We will write a custom essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, what Janie did not foresee is that Joe took her away from that life she hated with Logan Killicks and led her into that same life with him. For years and years Janie is suppressed and is unable to be the person she wishes to be. All those hopes and dreams that Joe once represented faded back to the horizon which nearly disappeared from sight. As long as Janie is with Joe, she can never live the life she had once hoped for. During these long years with Joe, Janie, on the outside, is lifeless, living a monotonous daily routine while inside her there still burns a small flame of hope. Joes death marks a significant moment in Janies life and development as a character. Gone with Joe is everything he represented. Janie is no longer suppressed and finally has the opportunity to be free and pursue her hopes and dreams. What emerges at Joes funeral is a new Janie. On the outside, she shows and does everything she is supposed to do. She starched and ironed her face which was like a wall of stone and steel. Janies exterior is hard and cold, like death, but it is to protect, to conceal what is happening inside. Inside, she is calm and the things of death reach but cannot disturb her for all things concerning death and burial were said and done. Hurston continually contrasts Janies interior to her exterior as to show her rebirth within while maintaining a solid appearance to please those around her. However, the first thing Janie does after the funeral is get rid of everything that reminds her of her old self. She burnt up every one of her head rags and went about with her hair down to her waist. Janies hair has always been one of her most striking features and now Janie finally can exhibit her femininity. The funeral is the beginning of a great change in Janie where, with Joe gone, she would have the rest of her life to do as she pleased. Janie, now free with Joes death, begins to ask herself questions and thinks back to her past which she despised so greatly. Hurston uses this long paragraph of Janies memories of her grandmother to show the extent of her suffering in the past and what may lie ahead in the future. As a child, Janie was very hopeful and dreamy. She had been getting ready for her great journey to the horizons in search of people. She was not the type of girl satisfied being a housewife and striving to live a secure life. No, Janie felt it was important to all the world that she should find them and they find her. However, in a single action, Nanny, her grandmother, shattered these hopes. By marrying Janie to Logan Killicks, Nanny was committing Janie to a life she wanted nothing of. .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .postImageUrl , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:visited , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:active { border:0!important; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:active , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper, Young Goodman Brown EssayIn doing so, Nanny had taken the biggest thing God ever made, the horizon, which Janie sought for so long, and pinched it in to such a little bit of a thing that she could tie it about her granddaughters neck tight enough to choke her. For this, she hated her grandmother. However, like The Man, who Hurston describes at the end of the passage, Janie is able to continue living and chasing her dreams and shining while doing so. Later in the novel, Janie faces death once again this time in the form of a vicious storm. She and Tea Cake and Motor Boat are stuck in a small house while the hurricane rages outside. Hurston uses an entire page to describe the ferocity of the storm. The storms winds become louder and higher and lower and wider, and it totally engulfs the house. The storm itself is personified, described as the monster which trampled over the roof of the house and roll in his bed. Hurston uses this personification to further emphasize the great magnitude of the storm and the extreme danger it poses, making it apparent that it is like death, threatening the lives of Janie and her beloved husband, Tea Cake. So great is the hurricane that Janie calls it His work. Only God can create such a storm with the fierceness to take their lives at anytime. And it is during this time, when a storm sent from God threatens her life that Janie comes to a realization that will forever change her life. Janie has searched her entire life for that perfect husband that would let her be herself and that could treat her right and she finally found that man in Tea Cake. During the storm, as Death encroaches, Janie realizes that she would rather be no place than in that house with Tea Cake. She says, when asked if she wished she had stayed back in Joes big house, Ahm wid my husband in uh storm, dats all. After two unhappy marriages, Janies dream is realized. She found the man she had been looking for her entire life and was willing to die just to be with him. For years, Janie was never content and always searching, but God opened de door and she found Tea Cake. God opened the door. God sent the storm. Janie and Tea Cake are destined to be together by God. She knows this and that is why Janie is able to endure and then emerge from the ferocious storm stronger than ever. Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel about Janie Crawfords struggles through life and her search for true love. Oddly, in the face of death, Janie has the most strength, resolve, and even greater determination to venture forth in her journey of life. With the death of Joe Starks, Janie begins a new life and her old self, a woman that was suppressed by those around her, becomes a fading memory. Through ups and downs Janie always prevails and finally all her dreams and hopes are satisfied when she faces death once more in the vicious hurricane with her one and only love, Tea Cake. Janie is truly amazing as she is able to break free of the conventional ways and live her dreams even after being held back for so many years.

Bremer the Next Saddam essays

Bremer the Next Saddam essays Coalition forces shut down Iraqi cleric Muqtada al-Sadr's newspaper al-Hawza on 28th March, accusing it of inciting violence. Its doors were barred and tighten with chains and locks by the American troops until a written order by U.S administrator Paul Bremer in Iraq for the closure of the newspaper. This violence Bremer is accusing al-Hawza of is about a bombing in mostly Shi'a town of Iskandariyah, killing 53 people. al-Hawza has further claimed that the rocket was fired by an (American) Apache helicopter and not a car bomb. It was known that because of this article, Bremer has closed down al-Hawza. Free of press has been a difficult task for Iraq. Former president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, has already been an obstacle for the press freedom in Iraq. Iraqi media organizations had to apply for a license to operate. Even though the U.S. always has been a barrier for the press in Iraq, however, now with the Iraq war, and also with U.S administrator Paul Bremer in power, free of press in Iraq is even harder to achieve. Journalists are increasingly being restrained and threatened by the U.S. installed interim government in Iraq. L. Paul Bremer, President Bush's proconsul in Iraq, also the leader in charge of the occupying powers' Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), has been in power ever since Bush has assigned the job of an ambassador or an overseer in Iraq. His arrival was accompanied by the removal of Barbara Bodine, one of the few U.S. officials in Baghdad with previous experience in the Middle East. Bremer wants tough new rules governing the Iraqi media to sort the mess out. Bremer has signed that Iraqi media must now be registered. Also announcing proclamation that Iraq citizens no longer have the right to assemble and demonstrate anti-American sentiments, censorship of clerics, and loss of their right to freedom of speech, along with loss of freedo...

What ideas about gender and sexuality are communicated by contemporary Essay

What ideas about gender and sexuality are communicated by contemporary fashion images - Essay Example (Pleck, 1981) This is the point where ideas about fashion depict society’s gender relations. These ideas will be examined in detail in the subsequent portions the essay. Brod (1995) asserts that in the past, masculinity was clearly defined in the workplace. In the twentieth Century, most men were considered as breadwinners and women were expected to be home makers. However, industrialisation changed this as work became more mechanised. Men were not the only ones who could provide labour. With time, more and more women began penetrating into positions that were previously considered masculine. They started doing clerical jobs and others even took over as the main providers in their families. Eventually, what was considered a male domain had now been changed/. Many philosophers have suggested that this is the source of gender struggles that have been become a common feature in today’s society. Kimmel (1996) explains that the shift in masculinity has created unclear images about the male gender. For instance, one may expect men to show elements of their emotions yet at the same time claim that there should be strong and heroic. Men who may not depict these types of behaviour may be considered a socially deviant. This gender crisis has been depicted in fashion images. Before the crisis, fashion images mostly focused on women as objects of consumption while men on the other hand were objects of production. Most fashion items concentrated on women as their most important clients. However, with the introduction of technology, there was a shift from that point of view. Men were now considered as important consumers. Marketing plans and depictions also depicted masculine fashion items. Perhaps the most outstanding aspect of the corporate world can be seen in the ‘suit’. The male suit is box in shape and creates a regular shape of any wearer hence hiding some of the natural curves associated with individuals.

Catalyst Housing Ltd. Organisations Behaviour Essay

Catalyst Housing Ltd. Organisations Behaviour - Essay Example The need for housing services, community development and affordable homes being high in the region, the company has been evolving adapting itself to the changing needs of customers in the region. On the other Volkswagen is a German automotive manufacturer, which a leading quality provider of luxury cars for the elite class in society. The increasing trend in demand for luxury cars in Germany accounts for one of the main reasons for establishment and success of the company in Germany. Additionally the availability of technological knowhow and expertise is also wide spread in the region also accounts for the radical development and success of the company in the region. The project seeks to present a comparison and contrast between the two organizational structures and cultures of Catalyst Housing Ltd and Volkswagen. This is done in close association with the impact is causes on the business performances of firms respectively. The suitability and applicability of leadership styles in the two organizations are also discussed in the project and its impacts on the present motivation levels of employees. Finally the effectiveness of group behaviours and team work is provided in the project along with the factors promoting it inhibiting it respectively. Identification of the structure and culture of each organisation, comparison and contrast the organisational structure and culture of each organisation Catalyst Housing Ltd represents a geographic organizational structure in which the organization is divided into small business units and offices which have their own independent entities based on the place where it is located. Catalyst Housing Ltd has unit s based on West London, Kensington and Chelsea, Brent as well as the South East. Each of these has their own local boards responsible for handling their own local operations. This kind of structure is particularly important and applicable for a large organization like Catalyst Housing because of its presence at different places and locations and the need to carry out business activities as per the needs and requirements of the local regions. The company has a flat hierarchical structure because of the wide dispersion of its unit’s location in different regions (Catalyst Housing, 2012). Following is an organizational st

Boston Beer Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Essay Boston Beer Company is the maker of Samuel Adams brand beer and the beer industry’s leading craft brewer. On the year of 1995, the Boston Beer filed a registration statement with the U. S. SEC for an initial public stock. Now let’s start from the strategy direction of Boston Beer for analyzing the company. Strategies of Boston Beer Company in its beginning stage of the business were 1) outsourcing beer production facilities instead of building new facilities which requires approximately 10 million capital investment 2) marketing customers by appealing customer’s sense of patriotism in order to attack the imported beers. Boston Beer Company’s competitive advantages can be signified by sources of beer industries and its competitors. The re-reemergence of the craft breweries segment in 1990s had affected the decline of mass-produced beer companies. An increase of health and safety consciousness of beer consumers caused the market for distinctive and flavorful beers. Because of the new trend and customer needs in beer industry, Boston Beer Company was able to grow rapidly. Exhibit 1 shows the tremendous growth of U. S.craft brewing industry barrels and Boston Beer Company is a beneficiary and one of the leading companies that take the lead of the craft brewing market growth. Furthermore, Boston Beer Company’s outsourcing facilities in its early stage of the production and marketing approach to its customers lead the company to have the strategic advantage over its rival entities within competitive beer industry. Boston Beer Company’s income statement and balance sheet (Exhibit 3, 4) show the company has been growing rapidly with a significant growth of revenue and income. Notable competitors’ public stock offering transaction also strengthen the idea that set range of the stock price (10 to 15 dollars) of the company’s bankers can be adjusted to the level of its competitors (17 to 16 dollars per share) because of the growth rate of the company and its healthy financial situation. Currently, Boston Beer using dual-class structure, Class A and Class B, for its equities part. The company’s Class A Common Stock is not entitled to any voting rights, except for the right as a class to approve certain mergers and charter and by-law amendments and to elect a minority of the directors of the company. The Class B Common Stock has full voting rights. As of today, C. James Koch was the sole holder of record of all the company’s issued and outstanding Class B Common Stock. Boston Beer chosen a dual-class structure for its IPO because it would like to ensure that the firms founders and top executives maintained control. Thus, dual-class shares satisfy owners who dont want to give up control, but do want the public equity market to provide financing. In some cases, company performance may benefit from the existence of dual-class shares. Founders often have a longer term vision than investors focused on the most recent quarterly figures. Since stock that provides extra voting rights often cannot be traded, it ensures the company will have a set of loyal investors during rough patches. On the other hand, it can be seen as downright unfair. It creates an inferior class of shareholders and hand over power to a select few, who are then allowed to pass the financial risk onto others. Normally, the existence of dual class shares would be a problem if an investor believed the disproportionate voting rights were allowing inferior management to remain in place in spite of the best interests of shareholders. For outside investors, they should always research the details of a companys share classes if they are considering investing in a firm with more than one class. Due to the sole holder of company’s Class B common stock, it means that The Class B shareholder has significant influence over the company. Mr. Koch is able to exercise substantial influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the composition of the board of directors and approval of equity-based and other executive compensation and other significant corporate matters. This could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company and will make most transactions difficult or impossible to accomplish without the support of Mr. Koch. The risk of investing in the Boston Beer Company first is located on the competitive pressures of the beer industry. With this situation, the profit margins will be declining due to competition on prices and higher production costs on specialty beers. Since the flavor is important for customer’s choices and the eruption of competition in the craft beer industry had increased the pressure to introduce new beers to maintain and grow market share, the research and development facility investment for new product development is increasing each year, together with the increased advertising, promotional and selling expenses. With the expansion of scale and size of the company, Boston Beer also invested more and more on capital expenditures, in 1995 Boston Beer invested $4. 5 million on capital expenditures increase and in 1996 invested another $13 million for related technology equipment at its contract brewing facilities. The large investment on asset-based financing arrangements could take large amount of cash flow and newer technology will raise the dilemma of more investment on updating for new equipment, which can cause the broken of normal cash flow operation. From Exhibit 5 we can see that the capital raised form initial Public Stock Offerings from 1993 to 1995 can vary a lot from $34 million in 1993 drop to about $19. 8 million in 1994, the wave of raised capital can have large effect on decision making process. There was always the potential that the IPO could be under-subscribed and therefore pulled from the market. Then the company would thus miss an opportunity to raise much-needed capital. Before the IPO, Boston Beer was organized as a limited partnership which would be dissolved in November 1995. And at the time of dissolution, the company would distribute $12. 5 million to its existing partners, The IPO proceeds would be used to immediately repay the debt incurred in dissolving the original partnership. Also, the company was planning to use $7 million of the proceeds to fund capital expenditures in 1996, while the remaining proceeds were to be used to fund working capital expenses or invested in investment grade securities. Talking about the over-capitalization, this is a situation when total of owned and borrowed capital exceed its fixed and current assets. An over capitalized company can be like a very fat person who cannot carry his weight properly, which is, in great troubles. There are many causes of over capitalization. First is the idle fund, money may be living idle in banks or in the form of low yield investments. Second is the over-valuation, some fixed assets, especially goodwill, may be over-valued. Third, the fall in value can let some inventories have much higher book value than the real economic value, according to the wave of price of inventories. And the forth, the inadequate depreciation provision can also be the reason for over-capitalization. For the fair value of stocks based on two different valuation methods; the discount cash flow model and the free cash flow model. First we use the discount cash flow method to value the Boston Beer Company’s fair value. (Please see the analyze process in Exhibit 1) First, we use the income before tax from the exhibit 3 in the year 1995. Because the case did not offer the depreciation fee, we assume the depreciation to be 0. Even though the tax rate changes slightly every year, we use the tax rate in the year 1995. From the form above, we can see the change in net working capital and capital expenditure is very small in the year 1995. But from the case we know that after the company raises money from the IPO, the company was planning to use $7 million of the proceeds to fund capital expenditures in 1996. And the remaining proceeds were to be used to fund working capital expenses or invested in investment grade securities. Because we are valuing the firm before IPO and do not know the exact number the firm will spend on the working capital and capital expenditure. We assume the firm will increase stable. We calculate the free cash flow of year 1995 using income before tax*(1-tax rate)-change in net working capital-capital expenditure. Then we use the growth rate from 1996 to 2000 to calculate each year’s estimate free cash flow. We use the discount rate 10%, the perpetuity growth rate 5% and the free cash flow of year 2000 to calculate the terminal value. Terminal value= free cash flow in 2000*(1+growth rate) / (discount rate- growth rate). Then use the discount rate, all the free cash flow and the terminal value to calculate the fair value of the company. The value of the Boston Beer Company is around 244 million. From the exhibit 3 in the case, we know the shares outstanding in year 1995 are 18273000. The case said that a total of 3984215 shares were to be offered in Boston Beer’s IPO, of which the company would issue 2540379 shares to raise capital for expansion. In addition, existing partners would sell 1443836 shares. Therefore, the new issued share would be 2540379. After add the new issued share to the original shares, we can calculate the stock price using the fair value. So the stock price=fair value/ total shares outstanding. The stock price we estimate is around 11. 74 dollar/share. The second method is for the free cash flow model in evaluating the company’s value. The first assumption is to assume that Boston Beer will pay dividend so that we can use the dividend discount model to find a fair value. The growth rates are 40% in 1996-1997 and 30% in 1998-1999 and 5 thereafter. We assumed that ROE will be constant at 47. 39% and EPS in 1995 is 0. 35 (both figures was given in the case’s exhibit 3 but should use the annualized number). Retention ratio comes from growth/ROE. All assumptions are listed in the table below. Based on these assumptions, we find that the fair value of stock at the time in the case should be $15. 42. (Please see the exhibit 2) According to the statistic and analyze, we come to summarize the opinion on the short-term and long-term current outlook for America’s brewing industry, especially with respect to its international competitors. Brewers Association announced the fact that 2,075 US craft breweries operated and 2,126 total breweries operated as of July, 2012, the highest total since the 1880s. Overall U. S. beer sales were down an estimated 1. 3% by volume in 2011, 1. 2% in 2010. Imported beer sales were up 1% in 2011 and up 5% in 2010. However, craft brewers sold an estimated 11,468,152 barrels of beer in 2011, up from 10,133,571 in 2010. These statistics suggest that imports and craft beers are in growth, while sales of main players in US beer market, such as AB InBev and MillerCoors , are declining. I assume this situation is going to last for a few years. Imports will keep increasing because a significant number of people, especially young drinks having been enjoy drinking quality beers. Craft beers are popular because the hallmark of craft beer and craft brewers is innovation and craft brewers have distinctive, individualistic approaches to connecting with their customers. In the long term, US beer companies may increase their sales by brewing imported beers in US. AB InBev began brewing Beck’s-previously imported- at St Louis brewery earlier last year. Also, though almost all craft brewers are operation at or near their full capacity, many craft brewers cannot meet growing demand. Some brewers have increased their sales by outsourcing some of production. With more craft brewers increasing investment and production, we can predict that sales of craft beers will go up more in the future. (See Exhibit 3and 4) Exhibit 1 Discount cash flow method Exhibit 2 Free cash flow method Exhibit 3US Breweries Operating as of July 1, 2012| | | Brewpubs| 1072| | Microbreweries| 922| | Regional Craft Breweries| 81| | Total US Craft Breweries| 2075| | Large Non-Craft Breweries| 22| | Other Non-Craft Breweries| 29| | Total US Breweries| 2126| | Exhibit 4.

Holocaust in Germany, Japan, and China :: essays papers

Holocaust in Germany, Japan, and China Eleven million precious lives were lost during the Holocaust of World War II. Six million of these were Polish citizens. Half of these Polish citizens were non-Jews. On August 22, 1939, a few days before the official start of World War II, Hitler authorized his commanders, with these infamous words, to kill "without pity or mercy, all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space [lebensraum] we need". Heinrich Himmler echoed Hitler's decree: "All Poles will disappear from the world.... It is essential that the great German people should consider it as its major task to destroy all Poles." When someone mentions the word holocaust, most often people will relate that word with the Germans and Jews during World War II. When Japan is mentioned, the first things that come to mind are the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Nanjing Massacre is known as the forgotten holocaust and very oddly, it truly has been forgotten. In this forgotten holocaust, three hundred thousand people were brutally murdered and 20,000 women were raped in the city of Nanjing, during the years of 1937-1938 (Yao). The Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of China from Peking to Nanjing in 1928. Nanking's population in the mid 1930s was well over one million, mainly because many refugees were fleeing from the Japanese army that had invaded China in 1931. Japan had entered China and other parts of Asia before World War II began, and didn't stop until the U. S. dropped the atomic bombs on Japanese soil in early 1945. It is said that the Japanese military machine was motivated by the aggression and uncontrollable desire for expansion and imperialism. On December 9, 1937, Chinese troops endered in the city of Nanjing, followed by a massive Japanese attack on the city (Yao). For the next six weeks, this capital was filled with brutal, unhuman, and terribly violent acts now known as the Nanjing Massacre. The Japanese committed venomous acts against innocent civilians, Chinese soldiers, refugees, and many others. The crimes ranged from mass execution to burning, raping, and looting. On December 13, many of the refugees tried to flee for their lives by crossing the Yangtze River. When they arrived at the river there was no type of transportation for them to cross. The Japanese arrived and when many of them tried to swim the river, the Japanese started to fire at the people in the river and along the banks of the shore. When it was all over, one Japanese Holocaust in Germany, Japan, and China :: essays papers Holocaust in Germany, Japan, and China Eleven million precious lives were lost during the Holocaust of World War II. Six million of these were Polish citizens. Half of these Polish citizens were non-Jews. On August 22, 1939, a few days before the official start of World War II, Hitler authorized his commanders, with these infamous words, to kill "without pity or mercy, all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space [lebensraum] we need". Heinrich Himmler echoed Hitler's decree: "All Poles will disappear from the world.... It is essential that the great German people should consider it as its major task to destroy all Poles." When someone mentions the word holocaust, most often people will relate that word with the Germans and Jews during World War II. When Japan is mentioned, the first things that come to mind are the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Nanjing Massacre is known as the forgotten holocaust and very oddly, it truly has been forgotten. In this forgotten holocaust, three hundred thousand people were brutally murdered and 20,000 women were raped in the city of Nanjing, during the years of 1937-1938 (Yao). The Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of China from Peking to Nanjing in 1928. Nanking's population in the mid 1930s was well over one million, mainly because many refugees were fleeing from the Japanese army that had invaded China in 1931. Japan had entered China and other parts of Asia before World War II began, and didn't stop until the U. S. dropped the atomic bombs on Japanese soil in early 1945. It is said that the Japanese military machine was motivated by the aggression and uncontrollable desire for expansion and imperialism. On December 9, 1937, Chinese troops endered in the city of Nanjing, followed by a massive Japanese attack on the city (Yao). For the next six weeks, this capital was filled with brutal, unhuman, and terribly violent acts now known as the Nanjing Massacre. The Japanese committed venomous acts against innocent civilians, Chinese soldiers, refugees, and many others. The crimes ranged from mass execution to burning, raping, and looting. On December 13, many of the refugees tried to flee for their lives by crossing the Yangtze River. When they arrived at the river there was no type of transportation for them to cross. The Japanese arrived and when many of them tried to swim the river, the Japanese started to fire at the people in the river and along the banks of the shore. When it was all over, one Japanese

Critical Thinking and Ethics Essay

Critical thinking is a concept that is derived from the application of the cognition toward the separation of the most likely when one is presented with a set of possibilities, while ethics is used in reference to the perception of what is right or wrong in a defined situation (wisegeek.com). A relationship between critical thinking and ethics can be seen in the sense that the individual will have to think of several methods for approaching the issue of ethics, eliminating the most likely approach until he or she settles on that which will be the most acceptable for the situation. Another way of viewing the issue of the link between critical thinking and ethics is by considering the manner in which an individual can differentiate between his or her own personal ethical concepts and that of the organization. That is to say that people have their own ethical foundations that they must be able to categorize in a separate compartment from that of the organization (wisegeek.com). The principles and rules of critical thinking are applicable to ethical reasoning. One reason is because ethical reasoning is also culturally and religiously influenced and may at times suffer from misreading the environment or the desired accomplishments of actions. In addition, there are certain rules and guidelines of logic. If everyone followed the rules and guidelines of logic, there would still be a need for ethical decision-making. The reason is because morals and beliefs, such as religion or nonreligious beliefs, play a role in rules and guidelines of logic. In conclusion, critical thinking and ethics play a significant role in an individual’s critical thinking, morals and beliefs. Although the relationship between the two have many similarities, it is important that we have a clear understanding of the differences as well. References Ruggiero, V. R. (2012). Thinking critically about ethical issues. (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from